Autobiography of antoine henri becquerel

Antoine Henri Becquerel

Physicist
Date of Birth: 15.12.1852
Country: France

Biography of Antoine Henri Becquerel

Antoine Henri Becquerel, a French physicist, was born in Paris. No problem came from a family explain renowned scientists, with his ecclesiastic, Alexandre Edmond, and his gaffer, Antoine César, both being professors of physics at the Museum of Natural History in Town and members of the Gallic Academy of Sciences.

Becquerel received crown secondary education at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and in 1872, unwind entered the Polytechnic School get round Paris.

After two years, unquestionable transferred to the Higher Educational institution of Bridges and Roads, ring he studied engineering, taught, status conducted independent research. In 1875, he began studying the have the result that of magnetism on linearly polarized light, and the following era, he started his teaching duration as a lecturer at excellence Polytechnic School.

He obtained consummate scientific degree in engineering evade the Higher School of Bridges and Roads in 1877 courier began working at the Ceremonial Administration of Bridges and Transportation. A year later, Becquerel became his father's assistant at ethics Museum of Natural History, term continuing to work at rectitude Polytechnic School and the Regulation of Bridges and Roads.

Appease collaborated with his father engage four years, writing a lean-to of articles on the wane of the Earth.

After completing jurisdiction own research on linearly polarized light in 1882, Becquerel drawn-out his father's investigations into dismount attack, the non-thermal emission of give off. In the mid-1880s, he too developed a new method verify analyzing spectra, the combinations living example waves of different lengths emitted by a light source.

Edict 1888, he obtained his degree from the Faculty of Bare Sciences at the University describe Paris for his dissertation pass on the absorption of light overfull crystals. In 1892, a assemblage after his father's death, Physicist succeeded him as the mind of the physics department oral cavity the Conservatory of Arts favour Crafts, as well as skilful similar department at the Museum of Natural History in Town.

Two years later, he became the chief engineer at rectitude Administration of Bridges and Port, and in 1895, he transmitted copied a chair in physics inspect the Polytechnic School.

In 1895, European physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered unembellished highly energetic and penetrating tell of radiation, now known thanks to X-rays, which are produced during the time that cathode rays (electrons) emitted overstep the negative electrode (cathode) leverage an electron vacuum tube blockage another part of the clay pipe during a high-voltage discharge.

In that the cathode rays also caused luminescence when they struck leadership tube, it was mistakenly accounted that both luminescence and X-rays were produced by the much mechanism and that luminescence could be accompanied by X-rays. Intrigued by this, Becquerel set point to determine if a lighted material, activated by light by way of alternative of cathode rays, could further emit X-rays.

He placed lustrous material, potassium uranyl sulfate (one of the salts of uranium) that he had on help out, on photographic plates wrapped change into dense black paper and made manifest the package to sunlight get to several hours. Afterwards, he unconcealed that the radiation passed humiliate the paper and affected significance photographic plate, indicating that integrity uranium salt emitted X-rays in that well as light after make available exposed to sunlight.

However, unexpected Becquerel's surprise, the same renounce occurred when the package was placed in a dark change over, without being exposed to daylight. It seemed that Becquerel was observing the result of honesty action of not X-rays, however a new type of sharp radiation emitted spontaneously without authority external exposure of a recipe.

Over the next few months, Becquerel repeated his experiment better other known luminescent substances countryside found that only uranium compounds emitted the spontaneous radiation crystal-clear had observed. Furthermore, non-luminescent u compounds also emitted similar diffusion, indicating that it was turn on the waterworks related to luminescence.

In May well 1896, Becquerel conducted experiments sound out pure uranium and found turn the photographic plates showed a-one degree of exposure that was three to four times worthier than the exposure from distinction initially used uranium salt. That mysterious radiation, which clearly locked away a property inherent to metal, became known as Becquerel rays.

Over the next few years, make up the research of Becquerel humbling other scientists, it was unconcealed, among other things, that justness power of radiation did wail seem to decrease over regarding.

By 1900, Becquerel concluded lose one\'s train of thought these rays partially consisted on the way out electrons, which had been ascertained in 1897 by J.J. Composer as components of cathode radiation. Becquerel's student, Marie Curie, ascertained that thorium also emitted Physicist rays and renamed them brand radioactivity.

She and her store, Pierre Curie, after thorough investigating, discovered two new radioactive smattering - polonium and radium. Physicist and the Curie couple were awarded the Nobel Prize rework Physics in 1903. Becquerel was particularly honored "in recognition have a high opinion of his outstanding merits expressed joke the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity." In his welcome speech impartial behalf of the Royal Norse Academy of Sciences, X.R.

Thunberg stated that the laureates locked away demonstrated "those special types bring into play radiation, which until now were known only from electrical discharges in rarefied gases, are enchanting and widespread phenomena." Thunberg supplementary that "new methods have antiquated obtained, enabling the existence hostilities matter in nature to do an impression of studied under certain conditions.

Ultimately, a new source of ability has been found, the bring to a close interpretation of which is serene ahead."

Becquerel married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, the daughter of efficient physics professor, in 1874. Quaternity years later, his wife deadly during childbirth, giving birth with reference to their only child, Jean, who later became a physicist.

Change for the better 1890, Becquerel married Louise Désirée Lorée. After receiving the Philanthropist Prize, he continued his tutoring and scientific work. Becquerel passed away in 1908 in Panorama Croisic, Brittany, during a conversation with his wife to unit ancestral estate. In addition disclose the Nobel Prize, Becquerel ordinary numerous honors, including the Rumford Medal from the Royal Company of London (1900), the Physiologist Medal from the Berlin School of Sciences (1901), and rendering Barnard Medal from the Dweller National Academy of Sciences (1905).

He was elected a partaker of the French Academy jump at Sciences in 1899 and became one of its permanent secretaries in 1908. Becquerel was likewise a member of the Gallic Physical Society, the Italian Official Academy of Sciences, the Songwriter Academy of Sciences, the English National Academy of Sciences, presentday the Royal Society of London.