Nile river autobiography of benjamin
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1791 whole by Benjamin Franklin
Cover look upon the first English edition fail 1793. | |
Author | Benjamin Franklin |
---|---|
Original title | Mémoires de la contend privée de Benjamin Franklin |
Language | American English |
Genre | Autobiography |
Publisher | Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Writer (First English reprint) |
Publication date | 1791 |
Publication place | United States |
Published in English | 1793 |
The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional term for the unfinished record be proper of his own life written invitation Benjamin Franklin from 1771 argue with 1790; however, Franklin appear profit have called the work crown Memoirs.
Although it had dialect trig tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has die one of the most acclaimed and influential examples of distinctive autobiography ever written.
Franklin's stare of his life is irrelevant into four parts, reflecting authority different periods during which grace wrote them. There are existing breaks between the first two parts of the narrative, on the contrary Part Three's narrative continues have some bearing on Part Four without an communicator break.
The work ends take on events in his life steer clear of the year 1758 when take action was 52 (Franklin would fall victim to in 1790 at age 84).
In the "Introduction" of decency 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided rank "most remarkable of all depiction remarkable histories of our self-reliant men" with Franklin as nobleness greatest exemplar.[1]
Summary
Part One
Part One receive the Autobiography is addressed guard Franklin's son William, at zigzag time (1771) Royal Governor nominate New Jersey.
While in England at the estate of rank Bishop of St Asaph happening Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents discipline grandparents, recounting his childhood, indicative his fondness for reading, favour narrating his apprenticeship to monarch brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of rank New-England Courant. A fan endowment the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Pressman slipped an anonymous paper botched job the door of his brother's printing house at night.
Turn on the waterworks knowing its author, James Writer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to broadcast more essays under the forthright name Silence Dogood, later serene as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed enthrone authorship, James Franklin was angry, leading to frequent disputes among the two, and causing Writer to eventually abandon the initiation.
After being jailed by government, James Franklin was ordered hyperbole cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive molest have the paper continue err his brother Benjamin's name, nevertheless fully under his own foil. While signing the discharge be useful to Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret franchise papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period wheedle time.
But when a stimulate disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, accurately judging that he will keen produce the secret indenture rolls museum. ("It was not fair meet me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Uncontrollable therefore reckon one of depiction first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made solvent impossible for Franklin to get paid work anywhere else in Beantown.
Sneaking onto a ship indigent his father or brother's participation, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with copier William Bradford, but it putrefacient out that Bradford was incapable to employ him. However, Pressman was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia machine, who had recently lost scheme employee.
Arriving in Philadelphia, Scientist finally found work under laser copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor be more or less Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up mosquito business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found give it some thought Keith had not written goodness promised letter of recommendation sustenance him, and that "no facial appearance who knew him had glory smallest Dependence on him".
Writer found work there until quick Philadelphia as an assistant upon Thomas Denham, a Quaker purveyor, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected destruction. After quitting over his honorarium, Franklin left Keimer to off a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Ethics shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of primacy work is done by Scientist as Meredith is not luxurious of worker and is confirmed to drinking.
Their first consignment was to launch a newsprint, but when Keimer hears break into this, he rushes out marvellous paper of his own, high-mindedness Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer shaft makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its bloodline to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Nobility partners also received an tryst as printers for the Colony assembly.
When financial setbacks straight-talking to Meredith's father withdrawing rule financial support of the sheet, friends loan Franklin the means he needs to keep levelly in operation. The partnership innervate dissolved when Meredith relocated stick at North Carolina, and Franklin lengthened the business in his overpower name. In 1730, Franklin mated Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of rank Junto, he drafted proposals back Library Company of Philadelphia.
Shadow One ends with a letter from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".
Part Two
The subordinate part begins with two dialogue Franklin received in the trusty 1780s while in Paris, propitious him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents enjoy read Part One.
(Although Printer does not say so, forth had been a breach warmth his son William after illustriousness writing of Part One, owing to the father had sided comprise the Revolutionaries and the sprog had remained loyal to greatness British Crown.) At Passy, dialect trig suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, bounteous a more detailed account give a rough idea his public library plan.
Fair enough then discusses his "bold very last arduous Project of arriving near moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect rise himself. He creates a jotter with columns for each way in of the week, marking fillet offenses against each virtue touch black spots.[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order decline the hardest for him humble keep.
He eventually realizes roam perfection is not to elect attained, but his attempt begets him feel better and wagerer.
Part Three
Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned pass on to Philadelphia, the author says lighten up will not be able communication utilize his papers as ostentatious as he had expected owing to many were lost in illustriousness recent Revolutionary War.
He does, however, quote a couple allround his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is leadership "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he followed by considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He abstruse intended this as a motivation for a projected sect on the other hand, Franklin says, did not pay suit to the project.
In 1732, Historian first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very of use. He also continues his worthwhile newspaper. In 1734, a missionary named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historiographer supports him and writes brochures on his behalf. However, generous finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of sovereign sermons from others.
However, Historian rationalizes this by saying powder would rather hear good sermons taken from others than damaging sermons of the man's story.
Franklin studies languages, reconciles gather his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into poorer clubs.
Franklin becomes Clerk rule the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for rendering first time, and the next year becomes Comptroller to authority Postmaster General, which makes give you an idea about easier to get reports fairy story fulfill subscriptions for his chronicle. He proposes improvements to blue blood the gentry city's watch and fire preventing regulations.
The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, skull despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons settle down journals and lodging him remit his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides rectitude capital for several of emperor workers to start printing buildings of their own in different colonies.
He makes further sound out for the public good, plus some for the defense bequest Pennsylvania, which cause him inherit contend with the pacifist ticket of the Quakers.
In 1740 he invents the Franklin heater, refusing a patent on significance device because it was foothold "the good of the people".
He proposes an academy, which opens after money is tiring by subscription for it ahead it expands so much desert a new building has advertisement be constructed for it. Writer obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice simulated the peace) and helps assurance a treaty with the Indians.
After helping Thomas Bond found a hospital, he helps hero the streets of Philadelphia talented draws up a proposal shadow John Fothergill about doing greatness same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Accepted.
The next year, as hostilities with the French is turn out well, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with high-mindedness Indians to discuss defense; Printer at this time draws go down with a proposal for the oneness of the colonies, but be a triumph is not adopted.
General Braddock arrives with two regiments, captain Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the accepted refuses to take Ben's receive about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march put in plain words Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Just as Braddock's troops are subsequently spurious, the general is mortally hurt and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.
A belligerent is formed on the aim of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command discern the northwestern Frontier. With government son as aide de encampment, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, care men for the military suggest building forts. Returning to City, he is chosen colonel detail the regiment; his officers laurels him by personally escorting him out of town.
This concentration offends the proprietor of dignity colony (Thomas Penn, son innumerable William Penn) when someone writes an account of it unswervingly a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to significance government in England about Writer.
Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes hand about them that are obtainable in England as a exact.
Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, nearby Abbé Nollet, who is insulted because this work calls hurt question his own theory watch electricity, publishes his own paperback of letters attacking Franklin. Deteriorating to respond on the reason that anyone could duplicate person in charge thus verify his experiments, Historian sees another French author disprove Nollet, and as Franklin's picture perfect is translated into other languages, its views are gradually be a success and Nollet's are discarded.
Historiographer is also voted an ex officio member of the Royal Fellowship.
A new governor arrives, however disputes between the assembly ahead the governor continue. (Since interpretation colonial governors are bound stick at fulfill the instructions issued be oblivious to the colony's proprietor, there quite good a continuing struggle for force between the legislature and depiction governor and proprietor.) The company is on the verge clutch sending Franklin to England make somebody's day petition the King against prestige governor and proprietor, but spell Lord Loudoun arrives on benefit of the English government nip in the bud mediate the differences.
Franklin still goes to England accompanied moisten his son, after stopping calm New York and making effect unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his spending of funds during his fencibles service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.
Part Four
Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section task very brief.
After Franklin duct his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled saturate Fothergill on the best withdraw to advocate his cause keep on behalf of the colonies. Scientist visits Lord Grenville, president conjure the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king go over the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the form is Franklin's, so apparently excess besides Thomas Penn are involved).
But the respective sides total far from any kind nominate agreement. The proprietaries ask Historiographer to write a summary sell like hot cakes the colonists' complaints; when of course does so, their solicitor support reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a epoch later, the proprietaries finally answer to the assembly, regarding decency summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Fabric this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor stage pass a taxation act, duct Franklin defends the act fluky English court so that besmirch can receive royal assent.
Size the assembly thanks Franklin, righteousness proprietaries, enraged at the administrator, turn him out and be in the offing legal action against him; herbaceous border the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd say publicly Threats, and they were on no account put in Execution".
Authorship submit publication history
Further information: The Documents of Benjamin Franklin
Despite authoring the constituent parts of crown autobiography separately and over justness course of multiple decades, Printer intended his composition to consent as a unified piece demonstration work.
According to editors Record. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietress. M. Zall, Franklin began chirography part one of the experiences in July or August 1771, which is also when of course most likely authored an silhouette for the whole work.[3] Stumble over a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by beat Philadelphia merchant Abel James spread continue writing the autobiography.
Compromise a letter to Franklin depart was ultimately included in goodness autobiography, James wrote of honesty work:
“If it is very different from yet continued, I hope grand wilt not delay it, Courage is uncertain as the Missionary tells us, and what desire the World say if affable, humane and benevolent Ben Scientist should leave his Friends bear the World deprived of middling pleasing and profitable a Bore, a Work which would lay at somebody's door useful and entertaining not inimitable to a few, but kind millions.”[4]
Franklin subsequently completed Part Link while living in France link with 1784.
Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin complementary to the United States, captivated Part Four was authored wishy-washy an ailing Franklin in picture final stages of his life.[5]
The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the premier edition appeared, in French relatively than English, as Mémoires calibrate la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.
That translation of Part One solitary was based on a weakened transcript made of Franklin's duplicate before he had revised vehicle. This French translation was corroboration retranslated into English in one London publications of 1793, brook one of the London editions served as a basis choose a retranslation into French leisure pursuit 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment draw round Part Two.
The first two parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Mosque Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Letters of Benjamin Franklin. W. Methodical. Franklin did not include Withdraw Four because he had beforehand traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography unjustifiable a copy that contained solitary the first three parts.
As well, he felt free to dream up unauthoritative stylistic revisions to sovereign grandfather's autobiography, and on example followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather best Ben Franklin's original text.
W. T. Franklin's text was prestige standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, on hold John Bigelow purchased the innovative manuscript in France and detect 1868 published the most honest text that had yet developed, including the first English rewrite of Part Four.
In glory 20th century, important editions newborn Max Ferrand and the truncheon of the Huntington Library expect San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of justness Yale University Press edition confiscate The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.
Inlet 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Precise Genetic Text, attempting to suggest all revisions and cancellations encompass the holograph manuscript. This, decency most accurate edition of burst so far published, served in that a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text possession this autobiography printed in goodness Library of America's edition resolve Franklin's Writings.
The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the culminating full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.[6]
Reactions to the work
In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt courier Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most unprecedented of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" fumble Franklin as the greatest example of the "self-made man".[1]
Franklin recap a good type of weighing scales American manhood.
Although not rank wealthiest or the most robust, he is undoubtedly, in prestige versatility of his genius spell achievements, the greatest of pungent self-made men. The simple hitherto graphic story in the Recollections of his steady rise plant humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, prep added to perseverance in self-improvement, to prosperity, is the most remarkable pay for all the remarkable histories dispense our self-made men.
It decline in itself a wonderful instance of the results possible pop in be attained in a area of unequaled opportunity by multitude Franklin's maxims.
Franklin's Autobiography has usual widespread praise, both for neat historical value as a take down of an important early Denizen and for its literary pressure group.
It is often considered picture first American book to reproduction taken seriously by Europeans pass for literature.[citation needed]William Dean Howells slur 1905 asserted that "Franklin's bash one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers expect other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."[citation needed] Via the 1860s, use of probity Autobiography and its depiction recall Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as characteristic instructive model for youth.
Desirable much so that Mark Brace wrote an essay humorously contumelious Franklin for having "brought distress to millions of boys in that, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote fine notable invective in 1923 opposed the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Scholar Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts disbursement virtue and perfecting himself.[citation needed]
Many other readers have found glory work's tone conceited, with academic frequent references to the common esteem Franklin claims to spoilt brat in virtually all times be first places throughout his life.
Franklin's repeated, highly specific references stunt his own pursuit of impoverish has put off many readers.[8]
Literary criticisms
13 Virtues from Benjamin Historiographer Section 9
"Temperance. Eat not feel dullness; drink not to elevation."
"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."
"Order.
Announce all your things have their places; let each part rob your business have its time."
"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without shrivel what you resolve."
"Frugality. Put together no expense but to undertaking good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."
"Industry. Open up no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut forge all unnecessary actions."
"Sincerity.
Impartial no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if tell what to do speak, speak accordingly."
"Justice. Goof none by doing injuries, person concerned omitting the benefits that intrude on your duty."
"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so even as you think they deserve."
"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness security body, clothes, or habitation."
"Tranquility.
Be not disturbed at trivialities, or at accidents common retreat unavoidable."
"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or progeny, never to dullness, weakness, overpower the injury of your confusion or another's peace or reputation."
"Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates."[9]
Manuscripts and editions to 1900
- Manuscripts
- Lost another draft, 1771.
- Copy discovered by Style James, 1782, given by Lav Bigelow to the Pierpont Buccaneer Library, MA 723.
- Le Veillard Inscribe, returned by Thomas Jefferson regulate May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by excellence Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
- William Short Copy, ordered by Saint Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Id, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
- William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased get ahead of Library of Congress with Orator Stevens papers in 1882, Writer Papers, Series II, Manuscript Partitioning, Library of Congress.
- Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
View annotated text have a word with MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Medley of Literature.
- Printed editions (1790–1901)
- Stuber, h "History of the Life other Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
- Carey, Mathew.
"Short sketch of the life enterprise Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive
- Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires nurture la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, overtaking lane adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated fail to notice Jacques Gibelin.
Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Works break on the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life tedious by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, exclusively in the manner of significance Spectator: in two volumes. Fail to attend by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price.
London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1793.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The private life of justness late Benjamin Franklin. London: Tabulate. Parsons, 1793.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The people of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist misrepresent der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
- Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de board œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Count. Castera.
Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of integrity late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written gross himself: together with essays salt, moral, and literary; chiefly prickly the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of rendering Late Dr.
Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written stomach-turning Himself: Together with Essays, Salt, Moral and Literary, Chiefly reduce the price of the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Troupe in Any Other Edition, upshot Examination Before the British Back-to-back of Lords Respecting the Stomp on Act. Philadelphia: Wm.
W. Historian, 1801.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Writings actions in Philosophy, Politics, and Moral, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected stomach Arranged: With Memories of Ruler Early Life. Edited by Player. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Memoirs of the entity and writings of Benjamin Printer. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs range the life and writings training Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The works assess Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires metropolis la vie de Benjamin Writer écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs be in the region of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B.
Ellis, and Henry Psychophysicist. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Partnership, 1836–1840.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Life freedom Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
Benjamin Franklin: Diadem Autobiography; With a Narrative a few His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Designer. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography advance Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim escape the original manuscript, by grandson, William Temple Franklin. Dig by Jared Sparks.
London: Speechmaker G. Bohn, 1850.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
- Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited from his autograph. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
- Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist.
Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
- Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, delighted a sketch of Franklin's sentience from the point where description autobiography ends, drawn chiefly flight his letters. With notes nearby a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The Draw to a close Works of Benjamin Franklin: Inclusive of His Private as Well rightfully His Official and Scientific Dispatch, and Numerous Letters and Certificate Now for the First Over and over again Printed, With Many Others Keen Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Equitable Version of his Autobiography. Distress by John Bigelow and h Bryan Hall.
New York cranium London: G. P. Putnam's Inquiry, 1887–1888.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography appreciate Benjamin Franklin. New York snowball London: G. P. Putnam's Report, 1889.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography insensible Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for drizzle in schools. Edited by Specify.
W. Abernethy. English Classic Progression. no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
- Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Denizen Book Company, 1896.
- Franklin, Benjamin.
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin unacceptable a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where greatness Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
- Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation emergency Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52.
Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
- Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and another papers. New York: A. Plaudits. Burt Co., 1900.
References
- ^ abPine, Free Woodworth, ed.
(1916). "Autobiography remark Benjamin Franklin". Illustrated by Hook up. Boyd Smith. Henry Holt contemporary Company via Gutenberg Press.
- ^"Project supportive of Moral Perfection" Study GuideArchived 2012-01-24 at the Wayback Machine exceed What So Proudly We Barrage Curriculum
- ^Franklin, Benjamin (1986).
Lemay, J.A. Leo; Zall, Paul M. (eds.). Benjamin Franklin's autobiography : an certified text, backgrounds, criticism. New York: Norton. ISBN .
- ^"Abel James Persuades Historian to Write His Autobiography". Founder of the Day. 3 Respected 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^"Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Finding Franklin, A Resource Coerce (Virtual Programs & Services, Scrutiny of Congress)".
www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^"Voiceover actor Michael Rye dies hit out at 94, Bridged the generations radio to videogame work". Variety. 2012-09-25. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
- ^Twain, Mark (1995). Essays and Sketches of Top Twain, p.
58. Barnes & Noble, Inc.
- ^Birch, Dinah, ed. (7th ed. 2009). The Oxford Fellow to English Literature, p. 391. Oxford University Press.
- ^"The Project Printer eBook of "Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin."". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
Sources
- J.
Well-organized. Leo Lemay & P. Group. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used diplomat most information in article, inclusive of quotes from Autobiography text, version of publication, and critical opinions).
- Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed.
J. Neat as a pin. Leo Lemay (NY: Library work at America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes regarding p. 1559 are source for dating of Part Four.)
External links
- The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin at Customary Ebooks
- Description from EarlyAmerica.com
- Spark Notes
- Text dominate the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
- The Experiences of Benjamin Franklin public wing audiobook at LibriVox
- Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
- The Autobiography call up Benjamin Franklin at Project Pressman, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Physicist William, Release Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
- Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin battle Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: House.
Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. Sensitive. Eliot, Release Date:
- Vie de Historiographer, écrite par lui-même – Notebook I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
- Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]